The Troubles in late 20th-century Northern Ireland was a watershed moment in history. Irish-identified Catholic nationalists and English-identified Protestant unionists differed on religion, culture, and identity. Centuries of tension led to The Troubles, three decades of civil unrest and political violence resulting in ~3,500 casualties. It ended with the Belfast Agreement, a peace accord that changed how social scientists study political violence, terrorism, and peace and conflict resolution. This course will cover how The Troubles emerged, key events and eventual peace negotiations.