This course will try to explain a new political ideology, Fascism, which rose after World War I to dominate many countries. We will examine its origins in 19th-century Europe, its rise to power in Italy in the 1920s, then Germany, Japan and many other nations in the 1930s, leading to World War II. While victory of anti-fascists discouraged the ideology after 1945, with the fall of communism in the 1990s, Fascism again has become a significant force in world politics.